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http://www.codas.periodikos.com.br/article/doi/10.1590/2317-1782/e20250083pt
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Original Article

Avaliação de habilidades pragmáticas de crianças pequenas com e sem diagnóstico de TEA

Assessing pragmatic abilities of small children with and without ASD diagnosis

Ingrid Ya I Sun; Thais Helena Ferreira Santos; Fernanda Dreux Miranda Fernandes

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Resumo

Objetivo: O DSM 5 indica o déficit de comunicação social como um dos critérios necessários para o diagnóstico do transtorno do espectro autista. No entanto, a avaliação pragmática da linguagem não é tão comumente considerada quanto os aspectos formais da linguagem. O roteiro apresentado visa considerar elementos comunicativos que incluem aspectos não verbais da linguagem e a intencionalidade dos atos comunicativos para identificar os primeiros sinais de alteração pragmática. Método: O Roteiro de Observação da Linguagem na Perspectiva Pragmática (ROLPP) é um roteiro de observação de habilidades sociocognitivas e pré-verbais necessárias para o desenvolvimento da linguagem que precedem a fala. Tais habilidades fazem parte do construto da linguagem pragmática. O protocolo foi aplicado em crianças de 18 a 36 meses, sendo composto por 11 crianças com suspeita de TEA e diagnóstico descartado, e 11 crianças com diagnóstico confirmado de TEA. Um nível descritivo de 5% (p < 0,05) foi considerado estatisticamente significativo. Resultados: Os resultados indicam que os participantes com diagnóstico confirmado de TEA apresentaram pontuações mais altas do que aqueles em que o diagnóstico foi descartado. Crianças com diagnóstico confirmado tenderam a pontuar mais alto no ROLPP geral (p < 0,001), destacando o impacto dos transtornos pragmáticos de linguagem em crianças com TEA, mesmo em idade pré-escolar. Conclusão: Esses resultados preliminares indicam a possibilidade de identificar sinais de transtornos ou dificuldades pragmáticas mesmo antes dos 36 meses de idade, com baixos custos de aplicação, inclusive para uso por profissionais com pouca experiência ou contato com transtornos do neurodesenvolvimento como o TEA.

Palavras-chave

Desenvolvimento da Linguagem; Testes de Linguagem; Linguagem Infantil; Transtorno do Espectro Autista; Transtorno de Comunicação Social

Abstract

Purpose: DSM 5 indicates social communication deficit as one of the necessary criteria for the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. However, the pragmatic assessment of language is not as commonly considered as the formal aspects of language. The presented guide aims to consider communicative elements that include nonverbal aspects of language and the intentionality of communicative acts to identify the first signs of pragmatic alteration. Methods: The ROLPP (Observation Script of Language from a Pragmatic Perspective) is an observation script for socio-cognitive and pre-verbal language skills and communication necessary for language development preceding speech and part of the pragmatic language construct. The protocol was applied to children aged 18 to 36 months, consisting of 11 children with suspected ASD and discarded diagnosis, and 11 children with confirmed ASD diagnosis. A descriptive level of 5% (p <0.05) was considered statistically significant. Results: The results indicate that Participants with a confirmed diagnosis of ASD had higher scores than those in whom the diagnosis was discarded. Children with a confirmed diagnosis tended to score higher on the ROLPP overall (p <0.001), highlighting the impact of pragmatic language disorders in children with ASD, even at preschool age. Conclusion: These preliminary results indicate the possibility of identifying signs of disorders or pragmatic difficulties even before 36 months of age, with low application costs, including for use by professionals with little experience or contact with developmental disorders such as ASD.

Keywords

Language Development; Language Tests; Child Language; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Social Communication Disorder

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Submitted date:
10/10/2025

Accepted date:
08/05/2025

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